Surgical procedures

Cataract surgery

Cataract is the clouding of the natural lens in the human eye, leading to vision impairment. It manifests as blurred vision and changes in color perception, which become yellowish-brown tones. Light dazzles, especially at night.
Prema podacima svjetske zdravstvene organizacije (WHO) vodeći uzrok sljepoće u svijetu je katarakta.

Most commonly occurs after the age of 60 as senile or age-related cataracts. It can also occur after a blow, or injury, as a result of certain medications, and as part of systemic diseases such as diabetes. When present at birth, it is called congenital cataracts.

It is treated with a surgical procedure.

Procedure Overview: Upon arrival at the clinic, preparations for surgery begin, including blood pressure measurement, eye pressure measurement, and the application of eye drops to dilate the pupils. Subsequently, the patient dresses in a protective gown, wears shoe covers and a cap, and enters the operating room. They are placed on a comfortable surgical bed. The skin is disinfected, and a sterile cover is placed over the patient's head. The operator uses a lid holder to prevent eye blinking, and local anesthetic is applied to the eye. The procedure is painless. During the surgery, the patient looks at a light, remaining awake and able to converse with the surgeon. A small incision of 2-2.5 mm is made on the eye, and the natural lens is removed using an ultrasonic probe. An artificial lens of the appropriate dioptric power, calculated before the surgery with optical biometry, is then implanted through the same incision. After the surgery, a sterile pad is placed over the eye, and with the assistance of medical staff, the patient leaves the operating room, staying in the clinic for another half-hour for observation.

The first follow-up appointment is the next day when the prescribed therapy is received, which is usually required to be instilled for 3 weeks after the operation. The eye is covered with a pad only on the day of the operation.

Blepharoplasty

Blepharoplasty is an aesthetic surgical procedure on the upper or lower eyelids. Aging leads to the sagging of eyelid skin, which, besides being an aesthetic concern, can also pose a functional problem due to the weight on the eyelids and obstruction of the visual field. The procedure involves removing excess skin and fatty tissue on the eyelids and is performed under local anesthesia.

Pterygium surgery

Pterygium is a duplication or fold of the conjunctiva that grows into the cornea and covers it in the shape of a winglet. It is most commonly located in the medial part towards the nose. It occurs due to eye irritation from wind, dust, UV radiation, frequent inflammations, and dryness of the eye. Its slow growth towards the center of the cornea can cause corneal astigmatism and covering of the visual field. The surgical procedure is performed under local anesthesia.

Xanthelasma surgery

Xanthelasma are benign accumulations of fatty tissue in the skin of the upper or lower eyelids. They represent an aesthetic and sometimes functional disturbance if their size interferes with eyelid function. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia.

Entropion and ectropion surgery

Entropion is the turning in of the eyelid when eyelashes come into contact with the eyeball, causing irritation, scratching, and sores on the eye surface.

Ectropion is the turning out of the eyelid, causing tearing, redness, and dryness of the eye, with the possible formation of sores on the eye surface.
With entropion and ectropion surgery, the eyelid's edge is placed in the correct position to allow proper eyelid function.

Ptosis surgery

Ptosis is a drooping upper eyelid when the eye cannot fully open spontaneously, and the eyelid covers the pupil of the eye. In addition to the aesthetic problem, ptosis also represents a functional problem as it interferes with vision.

It can be congenital or acquired as a result of injury or degenerative, age-related changes in the levator muscles of the eyelid. The operation is performed under local anesthesia.

Chalazion (stye) surgery

Stye or chalazion is inflammation of the glands in the eyelids, manifesting as a painful red bump. It has an acute painful phase and a chronic painless phase. If not healed with local therapy, surgical intervention is often required to remove the enclosed inflammatory content. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia from the inner side of the eyelid, without stitches. Returning to regular daily activities is possible the day after the procedure.

Atheroma and eyelid tumor surgery

Atheroma is a benign growth resulting from the blockage of the drainage ducts of sebaceous glands. A tumor is considered any skin growth that can be benign or malignant. The removed tumor is sent for histopathological analysis (PHA), which precisely determines the type and nature of the tumor, leading to the required further therapy. PHA results are awaited for several days. Removal of viral warts by electricity (electroexcision) (removal of eyelid skin growths without stitches, after applying local anesthesia).

Electroepilation

Electroepilation is the permanent removal of eyelashes by destroying the hair roots with electric burning. It is indicated for irregular eyelash growth, and trichiasis, where eyelashes, due to contact with the eyeball, cause discomfort and eye sores.